Science of Mood Rings
The colour changing mood ring is made from thermochromic liquid crystal. Liquid crystals are substances that have properties that are in between those of a liquid and crystal. They may be able to flow like a liquid but their molecules show a structure as a lattice or being aligned in a certain direction. They were used for developing liquid crystal displays (LCDs) as some liquid crystals could be changed by an electrical charge.
Thermochronic liquid crystals have colour changing properties dependent on heat. As temperatures vary the liquid crystal moves or twists. This allows it to absorb different wavelengths of light and so show different colours. The metal ring or pendant allows the easy transfer of temperature between the skin and the liquid crystal in the mood ring.
History of Mood Rings
Strips of plastic containing thermochronic liquid crystal were developed to easily read temperatures of children. A jewellery designer called Marvin Wernick saw a doctor friend using one of these and saw the possibilities of using this material in jewellery. Wernick placed pieces of liquid crystal in glass domes and mounted them on rings. Unfortunately for him he did not patent his idea and many people have copied it. Joshua Reynolds (related to the cigarette manufacturer) took this idea on and is reported to have sold a million dollars worth in three months.